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Why a Corporation Is More Than Just Its Owners: Understanding Separate Legal Personality in Philippine Law

When a business incorporates, it does not simply acquire a new name it gains a separate legal identity. Under Philippine law, a corporation is treated as a juridical person distinct from its shareholders, directors, and officers.

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Walang “In-Law Immunity”: Mother-in-Law Can Be Held Liable Under the Anti-VAWC Law

Many people believe that Republic Act No. 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (Anti-VAWC Law), applies only to husbands, partners, or boyfriends. At first glance, this seems true

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The Philippine Data Privacy Act: Scope, Core Duties, and the Compliance Posture Regulators Expect

The Philippine Data Privacy Act: Scope, Core Duties, and the Compliance Posture Regulators Expect Republic Act No. 10173, the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA), governs the processing of personal information in the Philippines. It is

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A Married Woman’s Surname Under Philippine Law: Autonomy, Identity, and the Legal Architecture of Choice

Names are more than administrative labels. They signify identity, continuity, professional reputation, and legal personality. Marriage alters civil status, but it does not erase the individual whose name predates the union. In Philippine law, the long-standing

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From Filing to Execution: Key Updates Under the 2025 NLRC Rules of Procedure

The National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) issued En Banc Resolution No. 09-25 (Series of 2025), which officially amended the 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure. These updated rules are now called the 2025 NLRC Rules of Procedure,

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Nuisance Candidates Under Philippine Election Law

Electoral Integrity Within Constitutional Limits The credibility of democratic governance depends not only on the freedom to vote but on the clarity of the choices presented to the electorate. Elections must remain accessible, yet they must

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